smelting stibnite for antimony

Antimony Metallurgy | SpringerLink

The powdery crude antimony xide is reduced by a carbonaceous reductant in a reverberatory furnace at 1,000–1,200 °C to produce crude antimony. Crude antimony can be produced by the precipitation smelting process. The typical pyrometallurgical antimony production process using sulfide ore is shown in Fig. 1.Web

One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from …

In comparison to traditional antimony pyrometallurgical process, the smelting temperature of present process is reduced from 1150–1200 °C (1423–1473 K) to …Web

Microbial Transformations of Antimony | SpringerLink

Smelting activities can lead to extremely high levels of Sb in the environment, ... Wang W, Wang H, Ma L, Liu C, Song Y, Tuovinen OH (2020) Mechanism of microbial dissolution and oxidation of antimony in stibnite under ambient conditions. J Hazard Mater 385:121561. CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar Lu X, Zhang Y, Liu …Web

Extraction Process of Antimony from Stibnite by Electrothermal

A new pyrometallurgical process to extract antimony from stibnite concentrate was proposed. Thermodynamic analysis of extraction process was conducted. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, the influence of volatilization temperature, volatilization time, blowing oxygen, low melting point slagging on the volatilization rate of antimony and the …Web

Extraction Process of Antimony from Stibnite by Electrothermal

There are two main types of modern antimony production methods—pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy [1,2,3].At present, the former is the main. The vast majority of antimony smelting enterprises have been using the traditional blast furnace volatile–reverberatory furnace reduction process, which is of low environmental …Web

Antimony as a raw material in ancient metal and glass …

Similarily to the LBA yellow glasses, it was suggested that roasted stibnite (i.e. antimony oxide), ... "Georgia 1" was collected close to the Zopkhito Sb-deposit, where traces of antimony smelting have been found near the …Web

Antimony | Geoscience Australia

Antimony is rarely found in its pure state and most commonly occurs in nature as the sulphide mineral stibnite (Sb 2 S 3). It also occurs in more than 100 other minerals, usually as oxide, e.g., valentinite (Sb 2 O 3 ), and as antimonies of heavy metal sulphides such as tetrahedrite ((Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag) 12 Sb 4 S 13 ), livingstonite (HgSb 4 S 7 ) and ...Web

Precise analysis of antimony isotopic composition in geochemical

Mobility and phytoavailability of antimony in an area impacted by a former stibnite mine exploitation. Sci. Total Environ. (2013) ... The loss and enrichment of heavy isotopes in the 0–10 cm and 10–25 cm layers of the antimony from smelting source in the polluted soil profile may be controlled by the adsorption process, while the enrichment ...Web

Antimony | The Canadian Encyclopedia

Antimony (Sb) is a silvery-white, lustrous, crystalline solid. Uncharacteristically for metals, it is brittle and conducts heat and electricity poorly. Antimony melts at 630°C and boils at 1380°C. The mineral stibnite is the most important source of antimony. Antimony is also recovered as a by-product of nonferrous metal …Web

Antimony | U.S. Geological Survey

The most common antimony ore mineral is stibnite (Sb2 S3 ), but more than 100 other minerals also contain antimony. The presence of antimony in surface waters and groundwaters results primarily from rock weathering, soil runoff, and anthropogenic sources. Global emissions of antimony to the atmosphere average 6,100 …Web

One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature …

Antimony xide and Antimony Trisulfide

Antimony xide is produced from stibnite ores (antimony trisulfide) or as a by-product of lead smelting and production. It is used mainly in fire-retardant formulations for plastics, rubbers, textiles, paper and paints. It is also used as an additive in glass and ceramic products and as a catalyst in the chemical industry.Web

One-step extraction of antimony from low-grade stibnite in Sodium

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "One-step extraction of antimony from low-grade stibnite in Sodium Carbonate – Sodium Chloride binary molten salt" by Ye Longgang et al. ... which involves the smelting of stibnite in a binary NaCl-Na2CO3 salt with sulfur-fixing and the addition of a reductant, has been proposed as a clean method …Web

Extraction Process of Antimony from Stibnite by Electrothermal

It combines the volatilization smelting and the oxidation smelting in the electrothermal evaporation stage to form the crude antimony oxide by one step, and …Web

Separation of Antimony from a Stibnite Concentrate Through a …

This article reports on a study conducted on the optimization of process parameters, such as flux and zinc oxide weight percentage, in charging, smelting …Web

Metals | Free Full-Text | Phase and Morphology Transformations …

Antimony is a critical basic material, widely used in the manufacture of flame retardants, alloys, brake pads, and catalysts [].In 2014, the European Commission designated Sb as a critical raw material [].The ores from which Sb can be economically extracted are typically sulfides such as stibnite (Sb 2 S 3) and jamesonite (Pb 4 FeSb 6 S 14), and these are …Web

Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Present Situation and Research

Lines 82-83: The sentence "Antimony smelting is mainly divided into two methods, namely pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy." requires clarification. Lines 111-112: The sentence "Antimony oxide ore is mainly stibnite and stibnite (Sb2O3)" needs clarification. Line 125: The statement "The unit of Au and Ag is g/t."Web

A Review on Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Antimony from …

Yang et al. proposed a "pollution-free" process to separate antimony from a stibnite concentrate via smelting at a low temperature using a sulfur-fixing flux, ZnO. …Web

A hydrometallurgical process for the separation and recovery of …

A comprehensive procedure for the separation and recovery of antimony from a complex stibnite concentrate was introduced. In this process, antimony can be …Web

Distribution and phytoavailability of antimony at an antimony …

Stibnite (Sb 2S 3) is the only ore mineral. Trace amounts of pyrite, pyrrhotite and sphalerite occur in the ore along with the main primary gangue minerals, quartz and calcite, and secondary barite and ﬂuorite. Ores can be divided into four types: quartz-stibnite, calcitestibnite, barite-quartz-stib-nite and ﬂuorite-quartz-stibnite. The ...Web

Minerals | Free Full-Text | Preparation of Antimony …

Antimony sulfide with a stibnite structure obtained from the sulfuration–volatilization treatment of electrodeposited antimony meets the ideal stoichiometric ratio of sulfur and antimony in Sb 2 S 3 (3:2), and …Web

A review of the environmental chemical behavior, detection and

Antimony has strong sulfur, copper and oxygen affinity. There are more than 120 kinds of minerals in the natural environment, mainly in the form of stibnite (Sb 2 S 3), antimony ore (Sb 2 O 3), white antimony (Sb 2 O 4), sulfur, mercury antimony (HgS 2, Sb 2 S 3), jamesonite (Pb 2 Sb 2 S 5), tetrahedrite (Cu 8 Sb 2 S 7) and other minerals. At ...Web

Antimony contamination sources and alteration pathways of Sb …

Antimony ore deposits are usually connected to hydrothermal activities where the primary ore is stibnite (Sb 2 S 3) (Fowler and Goering, 1991). Common primary Sb minerals are sulphides, whereas oxides and sulphosalts may form especially in sulphur-deficient environment (Roper et al., 2012).Web

Clean antimony production from stibnite concentrate with goethite

Abstract. In view of the issues of low efficiency and environmental pollution existing in current antimony production, this work proposes an innovative and cleaner …Web

Minerals | Free Full-Text | Preparation of Antimony …

Antimony

Antimony. A native element, antimony metal is extracted primarily from stibnite, which contains 72 percent antimony and 28 percent sulfur. Stibnite is mined in only a few countries, with China being its largest …Web

Antimony | SpringerLink

Antimony is a chalcophile element and as such mainly occurs in nature as Sb 2 S 3 (stibnite, antimonite) and Sb 2 O 3 (valentinite) [].In addition to those major forms, the most important ores of Sb include kermesite (Sb 2 S 2 O) and cervantite (Sb 2 O 4) [].These compounds are commonly found in ores of Cu, Ag, and Pb.Web

One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from Stibnite …

A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent, was presented. The influences of molten salt addition and composition, ferric oxide dosage, smelting temperature and duration on extraction …Web

Oxidizing Roast; Stibnite the Antimony Mineral

The leading antimony mineral is stibnite. In smelting stibnite ore two processes are available, precipitation and roasting-reduction. The former is suited, only for high-grade ores. As low-grade ores are more common than high-grade, roasting-reduction is of greater importance than precipitation. In the roasting process the aim may be to leave ...Web

Antimony in the metallurgical industry: A review of its chemistry …

DOI: 10.1016/J.HYDROMET.2016.06.014 Corpus ID: 100512434; Antimony in the metallurgical industry: A review of its chemistry and environmental stabilization options @article{Multani2016AntimonyIT, title={Antimony in the metallurgical industry: A review of its chemistry and environmental stabilization options}, author={Ravinder S. Multani and …Web