monazite thorium separation

Selective thorium and uranium extraction from monazite …

The selective leaching of thorium and uranium from monazite with ammonium oxalate was studied at near ambient temperatures, as a function of pH, particle size, phosphate and oxalate concentration, and temperature. The thermodynamic speciation showed that the presence of phosphate seriously restricted the solubility of both metals, …

Thorium | SpringerLink

3.1 Separation of Thorium Compound from Monazite 3.1.1 Sulphuric Acid Method. Separation of thorium compound from monazite by sulphuric acid method has been in commercial use for many decades. The monazite sands are decomposed chemically in an excess of concentrated (93%) H 2 SO 4 at a temperature of 210 °C for a …

(PDF) Solvent extraction of Thorium from Malaysian …

Sukiman Sarmani. Solvent extraction is a powerful separation technique in the preparation of nuclear grade thorium. In this study, monazite thorium concentrates produced from Malaysian monazite ...

Monazite- Uranium Separation and Purification …

Monazite is a rare earth phosphate also containing thorium and uranium as associated metals (2- 6). Its structural group consists of arsenate, phosphate and silicate, having the

[PDF] SEPARATION AND RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THORIUM …

The processing of mineral monazite to produce thorium (Th) and rare earth elements may create a radiological impact if the processing and residue are not properly or safely managed. Malaysian Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) categorized monazite as a radioactive material because the concentration of thorium in the mineral is higher …

Separation of Radioactive Elements from Rare Earth …

either monazite or xenotime, to produce a hydroxide cake containing the REE, thorium, uranium, and some other impurities, reactions 1 and 2 [31,33,35]. This step eliminates the re-precipitation of thorium phosphate resulting in the formation of hydroxide forms of the REE and thorium, which can be separated in the second leaching step [34,37,38],

Mineral Sands: NORM Appendix

Monazite is thus normally returned to the mine and dispersed with the tailings. Western Australian mineral sands deposits contain up to 10% heavy minerals, of which 1-3% is monazite. This in turn typically contains 5-7% of radioactive thorium and 0.1-0.3% of uranium, which is barely radioactive.

Thorium ion exchange separation from rare earth

With the right process, it would be possible to retrieve thorium and collect it as a by-product, which would maximize the cost-efficiency of mining and processing. The extractive metallurgy of rare earth elements from monazite sand, bastnasite ore, and phosphate rock of igneous origin was described by Habashi (2013).

Recent process developments in beneficiation and

However, because the inefficient utilization of thorium in monazite polluted the environment, many countries have banned the exploitation of monazite, resulting in a gradual decrease in production. 32, 33, 34. ... In the beneficiation process of beach sand, ilmenite is removed by LIMS separation, and monazite is upgraded by HIMS …

(PDF) Separation of Radioactive Elements from Rare Earth …

separation of Th and U has been reported from sulfate liquor during the processing of monazite using a mixture of Primene JM-T (i.e., a primary amine) and Alamine 336 (i.e., a tertiary amine), wherein

[PDF] Separation of thorium, uranium, and rare earths from …

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Separation of thorium, uranium, and rare earths from a strip solution generated from coarse coal refuse" by Deniz Talan et al. ... separation of thorium from uranium and rare-earth elements in crude thorium nitrate solutions prepared by breakdown of monazite sand. Uranium may be …

Radiological assessment of different monazite …

The high concentration of thorium (Th) relative to uranium (U) in Monazite is attributed to its composition. Specifically, Monazite typically has 0.2–0.4% uranium …

Solvent extraction of thorium from rare earth …

Solvent extraction is a powerful separation technique in the preparation of nuclear grade thorium. In this study, monazite thorium concentrates produced from Malaysian monazite were used....

Thorium and uranium extraction from rare earth elements in monazite …

A novel method for the separation of thorium and uranium from RE elements has been devised by the authors and in the process, thorium and uranium are simultaneously extracted from the sulfuric liquor generated in the monazite process with the use of a mixture of Primene JM-T (primary amine) and Alamine 336 (tertiary amine).

Production of high-purity ThO2 from monazite ores for thorium fuel

The primary source of thorium is monazite, with ThO2 content of about 3.1 %–11.34% [18,19]. In addition to that, thorium could also be extracted and refined from industrial by-products of rare-earth mining and processing activities [18,20–23]. ... Application to thorium-uranyl separation in an actual sample. Journal of …

Development of selective separation method for …

A method which is often used in separating thorium from the rare earths in acid solutions of monazite is based on the fact that thorium phosphate is, much less …

Thorium: Issues and prospects in Malaysia

The average range of thorium content in Malaysian monazite and xenotime minerals was found about 70,000 and 15,000 ppm respectively. About 2,636 tonnes of Malaysian monazite was produced for a period of 5 years (2006-2010) and based on the above data, it can be estimated that Malaysian monazite contains about 184.5 tonnes of …

Selective Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Complex Monazite …

This work presents a selective process route for REE extraction from iron -rich, monazite ores. The process involves sulfation by addition of concentrated sulfuric acid and pyrohydrolysis at temperatures of approximately 700–750 °C. Experimental results show REE extraction higher than 70% and low iron (below 5%) and thorium extraction …

Separation, purification and recovery of thorium …

Malaysian monazite had a huge range of concentration of thorium i.e. 2525 to 40,868 mg/L. Rare earths such as La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sm, Eu and Gd were separated up …

(PDF) Thorium: Issues and prospects in Malaysia

The average range of thorium content in Malaysian monazite and xenotime minerals was found about 70,000 and 15,000 ppm respectively. About 2,636 tonnes of Malaysian monazite was produced for a ...

ION EXCHANGE SEPARATION OF URANIUM FROM THORIUM …

S>Uranium has been separated and concentrated from sodium carbonate solutions of monazite sand residues using strong base ion-exchange resins, particularly amberlite IRA-400. The uranyl tricarbonate anion, (UO/sub 2/ (CO/sub 3/)/sub 3/!/sup -4/, is believed to be the active species in t his exchange. The interference of anions present in ...

Selective entrapment of thorium using a three

Thorium and uranium extraction from rare earth elements in monazite sulfuric acid liquor through solvent extraction. Miner. Eng. (2010) ... Selective extraction and separation of thorium from rare earths by a phosphorodiamidate extractant. Hydrometallurgy, Volume 163, 2016, pp. 192-197.

The isolation of thorium from monazite by solvent …

Solvent extraction is a powerful separation technique in the preparation of nuclear grade thorium. In this study, monazite thorium concentrates produced from Malaysian …

Bastnasite

Monazite, a phosphate mineral of REE and thorium, contains about 50–70 wt% REO and 4–12 wt% thorium. Monazite is usually associated with heavy minerals such as ilmenite, magnetite, rutile, and zircon in placer deposits. ... the separation of thorium from rare earths and its proper management also are of great concern. At present, ...

Selection of a hydrometallurgical process for rare earths …

Introduction. The main mineral sources of rare earth elements (REEs) are monazite, xenotime and bastnasite (Jha et al., 2016). Monazite, which is the object of the present study, is composed of REEs phosphates, also presenting thorium and uranium in variable concentrations (Krishnamurthy and Gupta, 2015; Lapidus and Doyle, 2015).

Solvent extraction, separation and recovery of …

Monazite mineral is the one of the major sources for thorium including the rare earth elements (REEs) and uranium. The extraction and possible separation of thorium from other associated elements (rare earth elements (REEs) and uranium) are …

Frontier looking of rare-earth processed residue as sustainable thorium …

The existence of other thorium phosphate compounds such as thorium orthophosphate (Th 3 (PO 4) 4) either due to the incomplete process of raw material or re-formation of monazite during the rare-earth extraction process (as discussed in 3.2.3) may allow the separation of thorium from WLP residue. It is important to note that it is not …

Radiological assessment of different monazite grades after …

The thorium ratio in the monazite resource ranges from 6 to 10%. Furthermore, ... Following the concentration and separation of monazite samples with varying grades, the samples were suitably ...

Separation of uranium and thorium from rare earths for …

Large amounts of thorium are commonly found in monazite which even can be up to 20%. Bastnasite usually hosts small amount of uranium and often certain amount of thorium. ... Some review slightly mentioned the separation of thorium from rare earths (Anon., 2012, Xie et al., 2014). In order to identify the effective measures to control the ...

Process development to recover rare earth metals from monazite …

If monazite is chemically processed, the purity of monazite concentrate is upgraded to ∼98% using magnetic separation, otherwise the purity stream may be as low as 30%. Thus, monazite or other minerals are separated and concentrated after coarse grinding via gravity separation, flotation, electrostatic separation or magnetic processes ...